DESIGN Elements
Prior to construction, IMPORTANT design elements such as stair principle, ceiling height, and types of finishes are determined to ensure structural integrity, functionality, and aesthetic appeal. These DESIGN elements are meticulously planned to meet requirements, building codes, and user needs, laying the foundation for a successful construction project.
Levels
HOUSE LEVEL FROM NATURAL GROUND LEVEL- Keeping your house at least 300mm HIGHER than the natural ground level is crucial during heavy rain. This elevation helps avoid flooding, protects against moisture damage, ensuring a safe and dry home.
INDOOR/OUTDOOR- Maintaining indoor and outdoor spaces at a minimum height of 20 to 150mm HELPS manage water runoff during heavy rain. It will prevent mold growth, and keeps the area safe and usable.
WET AREA- Lowering wet areas by 50mm and waterproofing them with a gentle slope towards the floor drain is ESSENTIAL for preventing water from spilling into adjacent spaces. This design ensures efficient water drainage, reduces the risk of flooding, and is generally a good principle.
Headroom
2.1M- Typically used for basements, storage areas, or attics where full ceiling height is NOT necessary
2.5M- commonly used in residential space like KITCHEN, offices, and bedrooms for comfort and aesthetics.
3.0-3.2M - Ideal for large rooms such as open-concept living areas, offering a sense of SPACIOUSNESS. It also maintains the proportion of the room as our eye sight (1.4-1.7m) will be centered.
> 4.0M - Creates a luxurious, airy environment, often found in modern, high-end homes. It allows for the use of large windows, striking lighting fixtures, and loft-style designs, ENHANCING natural light.
Stairs
RISER- Stair risers should be UNIFORM and typically between 150-180mm high to ensure safe, consistent steps for all users.
TREAD- Stair treads should be consistent and typically between 250-300mm deep to provide SAFE and comfortable steps for users of all ages
LANDING- Stair landings should be spacious, level, and AT LEAST as wide as the stairway, providing a safe transition and room for users to pause.
For straight flight stairs, an EXCEPTION rule allows for omitting intermediate landings if the flight consists of fewer than 18 risers, making the design more space-efficient without compromising safety.
HANDRAIL- Stair handrails to be smooth, continuous, and ergonomically shaped, with heights between 900-1100mm, providing SECURE, comfortable support. Maintain a maximum gap of 100mm between the rails for safety.
Lighting Height
450MM- Ensures EASY accessibility for all users, including those with mobility challenges. This height strikes a balance between convenience, SAFETY.
1200MM- IDEAL for areas where easy reach is important, such as for standing users or in specialized environments, providing comfortable and efficient access.
2100-2400MM- Provides enough CLEARANCE for doorways and windows to accommodate most users comfortably. This MAINTAINS proportion and aesthetics uniformity.
